Plackarnia Na Ochojcu

Questionnaire

1. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING ITEMS IN 25 WORDS OR LESS

* Monosaccharides .- Organic compounds in which two carbon atoms are linked by a double bond. This is the case of a fatty acid.

* Aldosa .- If the carbonyl group is at the end of the chain is an aldehyde group (-CHO) .-
* chiral center is obtained when a central atom and four atoms individual or groups of atoms are joined by one tetrahedral molecular geometry.

* diastereomers .- stereoisomers class they do not have a mirror image between them * Cetohexosa .- has a carbon-reduction unit 2. The linear form of this hexose is in equilibrium with the corresponding forms pyranoses and furans.

* Furans .- has 5 atoms, by analogy with the structure of the furan heterocycle

* .- cyclic hemiacetal condensation of aldehyde groups and hydroxyl group, resulting for the formation of furan and pyran

* Central .- anomeric carbon that carried the carbonyl group is converted to the ring in a molecule asymmetric, called the anomeric carbon

.- * Reducing sugar are those with a free carbon in its structure and can reduce the copper salts.

.- * Chitin is a polysaccharide of N-acetyl glucosamine, linked together with each beta 1-4 * carbohydrates .- A set of molecules in which there is a sugar

* Intolrancia Disease .- lactose milk consumption with lactose * homopolysaccharides .- polymer formed by a single type of waste

* .- glycogen granule highly branched chain of the same

* mucopolysaccharide .- polysaccharide containing a single type of mucosa .-
* Lectin protein that is attached by the presence of a only the latter type of sugar should be specific

* link link .- monosaccharides glycosidically through Oxygen

* .- Protein glycoprotein attached to a carbohydrate chain carbon

* sialic acid .- neuramico acid derivatives, are distributed in the tissues of vertebrate animals and bacteria isolated in some layers

2.DIBUJA FAMILY STRUCTURES OF THE MONOSACCHARIDES Trios

Glyceraldehyde Dihydroxyacetone

3. CHIRAL CENTERS HOW MANY HAVE EACH OF THE FOLLOWING MONOSACCHARIDES? Dihydroxyacetone
------------- 1

Ribosa -------------------------4

Eritrulosa ----------------------2

Glucosamina ------------------4

Fructosa -----------------------3

Seudoheptulosa --------------4

2-Desoxirribosa----------------2

6-desoxiglucosa --------------4

--------- N-acetylglucosamine 4

------------------ 6 sialic acid

4.USING PROJECTION METHOD FOR THE FOLLOWING MONOSACCHARIDES FISCHER:
A) D-Glyceraldehyde

b) L-Ribose

c) D-Mannose

5) USES OF FISCHER PROJECTION METHOD FOR DRAWING THE ENANTIOMERS DYL OF GLUCOSE
L-GLUCOSE

D-GLUCOSE

6) Fehling Reagent LABORATORY IS USED TO SHOW THE PRESENCE OF A reducing sugar to complete the analysis, add CU2 +. TEST POSITIVE TO SHOW THAT IT IS A reducing sugar is a precipitate of cupric oxide CARBS WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD TEST POSITIVE, THE NO reacts with the reagent Fehling?
a) glucose
b) ribose-5-phosphate
c) trehalose
d) lactose e. SUCROSE
f) maltose
7) study the structures of the compounds and lists the functional groups present each MOLECULE
a) Glyceraldehyde ------ ALDEHYDE
b) Glucose (fischer projection )----- ALDEHYDE
c) Glucose ( Haworth projection )---- ALDEHYDE
d) N-acetylglucosamine ------ amine, aldehyde and alkyl groups
e) D-galacturonic acid ------ carboxylic acid or hydroxyl groups
ALDEHYDE AND 8) WRITE THE NAME AND STRUCTURES disaccharides or polysaccharides
a. lactose β (1 ----> 4)

b. Maltose α (1 ---> 4)

c. isomaltose α (1 ----> 6)

9. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING amino acid residues in a protein may be a potential link o-GLYCOSYLATION FOR ATTACHMENT OF A UNIT OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES? Serine and threonine

10.NOMBRA a functional group in proteins that can serve as sites

GLYCOSYLATION

The carboxyl group

11. WHAT IS THE NUMBER OF THE FOLLOWING CHIRAL CARBON monosaccharides. ASSUMING THAT THE NUMBERING SYSTEM IS USED. Glucose
--------------- 2, 3,4,5

Ribose ---------------- 2, 3, 4.5

Galactose ------------- 2, 3,4,5

-------------- 2 Fructose , 3.4

Pseudoheptulosa ----- 3, 4,5,6

12. THIS DEFINES THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP IN EACH OF THE CARBON ATOMS OF β-D-fructofuranose
a. C1-hydroxyl group b. C. C2-carboxyl group C3-hydroxyl group

13. A biomolecule NAMES BELONGING TO EACH OF THE FOLLOWING CLASSES:
A) monosaccharide glucose ------
B) disaccharide ---- Lactose
C) ---- starch polysaccharide
D) ------ homopolysaccharide cellulose
E) ----- heteropolysaccharide pectin
14. Mention the difference between starch and glycogen.
A) type of organism that synthesized it
starch - glycogen plants - animals
B) BIOLOGICAL ROLE PLAYED
starch - food reserve in plants
predominant glycogen - animal energy reserve
C) TYPE OF SUCROSE
starch - polysaccharide glycogen - polysaccharide
D) LINKS BETWEEN MONOSACCHARIDES
* starch - made up of thousands of glucose joined a union of 1-alpha-4, lays down prop walking around every 6 molecules of glucose and every 12 molecules presented by 1-alpha-6 * glycogen - more branched presents linear chains of 11 to 18 alpha-D- glucopyranose presenting a glycosidic bonds in alpha-1-4 with ramifications through glucocidicas unions in alpha-1-6
F) KIND OF BRANCH
* starch -

helix

* glycogen - linear

15. 5 MONOSACCHARIDES SAID THAT THEY ARE IN THE GLYCOPROTEINS

Galactose Glucose Mannose

N-acetylglucosamine N-acetylgalactosamine

16. BRIEFLY DESCRIBE 2 FUNCTIONS IMPORTANT
glycoprotein 1 .- The cell recognition when present at the surface of the plasma membrane.

2 .- Lubricant and protective antigenic

17 .- WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EACH PAIR OF COMPOUNDS LISTED?
a. D-glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone ---- derived from glycerin

b. D-glucose: D-fructose ----- same empirical formula but different structure.

c. D-glucose: D-mannose ------ the inversion of the C2 chiral center

d. D-triose: D-erythrose ----- have an aldehyde group and part of the family of aldoses e. D-2- Glucosamine: D-2-galactosamine ---- part of the monosaccharides

f. aD-glucose: B-D_glucosa ----- monosacardo are the same but with the ability to bind to another molecule differently

g. D-glucose: L-glucose are enantiomers

---------

h. D-glucose: D-galactose -------- The galactose into glucose in the liver as energy supply.

18.POR Glyceraldehyde AND DO NOT HAVE LINKS Eritrean cyclic hemiacetal HOW HAS THE RIBOSE ..
Because the number of carbons contained therein are not sufficient to make a cyclic hemiacetal link, and ribose does, perhaps just 5, 6th carbon is not involved in the form of the hemiacetal.

19. HAWORTH PROJECTION USED TO DRAW FORMULAS OF SIG. MONOSACCHARIDES:
A) α-D-mannose

B) α-D-glucose-6-phosphate

C) α-D-deoxyribose

20. Draw the structure of trehalose and mentioned if a reducing sugar. If reducing sugar because the OH of carbon is free 1st

21. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING compound is more soluble in water? 1-hexanol or D-glucose?

GLUCOSE
22. WHY IS CLASSIFIED AS GALACTOSE OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTION ..
Because it is a reducing sugar and put into a Fehling reaction is redox is found that it reduces the other and it is oxidized.

23. WRITE THE REACTION OF THE FOLLOWING ACTIVATION OF ENZYMES ..

24. WHY mono-and disaccharides are soluble in water? Because its structure
have free or O-or a hydroxyl group and may form bridges hydrogen in the water ...

25. SUGGESTED TREATMENT FOR LACTOSE INTOLERANCE
the application of lactase, the milk after heat tolerance can help by reducing the presence of lactose by almost 100%