The three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas.
thermal and calorific phenomena are part of everyday physical phenomena. It is known that Heat and Temperature are concepts that are built into popular language and are rarely used in a scientifically correct. Frequently are identified or are used in circular definitions in which one direct reference to another as a synonym. That is the error made by claiming that the temperature "measured hot it is "or when a person who has a fever is said to be" is hot ", etc ...
Sometimes the heat is identified with a material ingredient of the bodies. So close the windows" for will not heat, or calories are used as a measure of undesirable material contribution, "that fat" on the part of food that people eat.
After these concepts work in class should be clear:
1) The bodies have heat, which is the sum of the energies of all particles that make up the body.
2) The temperature (T) is the average kinetic energy of the particles of a body. It is measured in degrees Celsius (º C) or Kelvin (K). To go from Celsius to Kelvin used this relationship: K = º C + 273
3) Heat (Q) is the energy that passes from one body to another according to their temperature difference. Is measured in Joules in the International System (J) or calories (cal). 1 cal = 4.2 J.
4) The bodies can be heated, ie, increase its internal energy (we checked to see how temperature increases). They can also cool down or reduce their energy internal (as observed when the temperature decreases).
5) The heat, while increasing the temperature of a body, can dilate or cause to become liquid or gas.
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